![]() Basic concepts on Normal labor and delivery. ![]() The evolution of the human pelvis: changing adaptations to bipedalism, obstetrics and thermoregulation. Evolution of the human pelvis and obstructed labor: new explanations of an old obstetrical dilemma. Investigations of the relation between birth trauma and pelvic size in females from a medieval gravesite from Lübeck. Die Verletzung and Ruptur der Symphysis unter der Spontangeburt. 2016 29:2408–13.ĭiedrich K, Holzgreve W, Jonat W, Schultze-Mosgau A, Schneider KT, Weiss JM. Tinelli a intrapartum sonographic signs: new diagnostic tools in malposition and malrotation. Malvasi A, Giacci F, Gustapane S, Sparic R, Barbera A. Intrapartum sonography for fetal head asynclitism and transverse position: sonographic signs and comparison of diagnostic performance between transvaginal and digital examination. Malvasi A, Stark M, Ghi T, Farine D, Guido M, Tinelli A. A safe, low-cost, easy-to-use 3D camera platform to assess risk of obstructed labor due to cephalopelvic disproportion. Gleason RL Jr, Yigeremu M, Debebe T, et al. Is there a role for X-ray pelvimetry in the twenty-first century? Gynecol Obstet Fertil. Efficacy of the fetal-pelvic index in nulliparous women at high risk for fetal-pelvic disproportion. The fetal-pelvic index as an indicator of fetal-pelvic disproportion: a preliminary report. MR imaging pelvimetry: a useful adjunct in the treatment of women at risk for dystocia? AJR Am J Roentgenol. ![]() Spörri S, Thoeny HC, Raio L, Lachat R, Vock P, Schneider H. A modified nomographic aid for x-ray cephalopelvimetry. Combined fetal sonography and x-ray pelvimetry for early detection of cephalopelvic disproportion. 1936 62:798–810.Ībitbol MM, Taylor UB, Castillo I, Rochelson BL. Roentgen pelvimetry and fetal cephalometry. Anatomical variations in the female pelvis and their effect in labor with a suggested classification. Kristeller maneuvers or fundal pressure and maternal/neonatal morbidity: obstetric and judicial literature review. Malvasi A, Zaami S, Tinelli A, Trojano G, Montanari Vergallo G, Marinelli E. Evidence and information for policy (EIP) 2003. Global burden of obstructed labour in the year 2000. Global causes of maternal death: a WHO systematic analysis. Say L, Chou D, Gemmill A, Tunçalp Ö, Moller A-B, Daniels J, et al. Neilson JP, Lavender T, Quenby S, Wray S. The evolution of bipedalism and assisted birth. The evolutionary origins of obstructed labor: bipedalism, encephalization, and the human obstetric dilemma. Primate brain evolution: methods and concepts. Encephalization and obstetrics in primates with particular reference to human evolution. ![]() Anatomy, development, and function of the human pelvis. The administration of drugs doses in NLA without a diagnosis of malpresentation in dystocic labor may prolonged labor and increases the likelihood of dystocia. The reduction of dystocia misdiagnosis by using IU has modified CS and OVD rates. The use of IU during neuraxial analgesia can aid in the diagnosis of fetal head malposition and malrotation, alert obstetrician onto the possibility of dystocic labor, indicate the need to discontinue drug administration in NLA, and shift to OVD or CS. With this technique, obstetrician can improve the diagnosis of fetal head position, progression, and internal rotation in comparison to vaginal digital examination (VDE). Intrapartum ultrasonography (IU) can represent an important diagnostic tool during physiologic labor and delivery, as like in dystocic or obstructed labor. Labor pain is the most severe pain that women can experience during their lives, and neuraxial labor analgesia (NLA) is a most effective and widely used analgesic modality in labor for obtaining pain relief. CPD and related obstructed labor is responsible for 2–8% of maternal mortality worldwide and furthermore can cause poor progress of labor and can be indication for operative vaginal delivery (OVD) or primary cesarean section (CS). The problem may arise from cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) that is present when the fetal head is too large to pass through the pelvis. In this situation the only way to delivery large brained fetus is that the fetal head has to perform complex rotation and turning movements (cardinal movements) during the progress in the birth canal. Because of bipedal locomotion, the shape and size of the pelvis became more straight. The pelvis is not only a functional bone but has great importance in obstetrics.
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